Penile cancer as one of the most common malignant tumors in male reproductive system, it mainly presents as squamous cancer, basal cell cancer with the main symptoms including redundant prepuce, phimosis, prepuce balanitis and ulcer of penis. Adenocarcinoma are rare.
Penile cancer mainly develops in old males with the average age around 60 years old. As age increases, the incidence is higher and would reach the highest point at 70 years old. Occasionally, it develops in young men too.
Although the causes of penile cancer are unclear, according to clinic observation and statistics, the onset is related to phimosis and redundant prepuce.
So can middle and late-staged penile cancer be treated? The minimally invasive technique with less side effects and less trauma can help brain cancer patients avoid surgical resection, avoid the pain of traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, effectively prolong the survival period and improve the quality of life.
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Tumor occurring in balanus or ulcer, which in early stage can be hard mass or erythema, is hard to recover. Other typical cases may present cauliflower-like tumor with necrotic appearance and smelly exudates. When it develops to late stage, penile cancer can encroach to the whole penis and corpus cavernosum urethrae, accompanied with other symptom like swelling lymph nodes in inguinal groove and femur.
Specialist from Modern Cancer Hospital Guangzhou advised that, male can have a check on penis when taking a shower so as to find the lesions early. The exact procedures are: take a rotation on both sides of penis with forefinger and thumb, if enlargement, swelling, mild pain or a heavy feeling in inguinal grooves is found, rapid and further examination should be performed by specialist in hospital.
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Imaging examinationlymphography can help to diagnose metastases certainly, but normally it won’t be taken as routine examination. Perform the contrast radiography of intralymphatic injection through insteps of feet, penis and spermatic cord, signs like irregular lymph nodes, filling defect of lymph nodes, deformation, depression or blockage of lymphatic vessels would present if metastases exist.
Ultrasound B can find out any metastasis in liver and abdominal cavity.
CT, MRI can detect if penile cancer spreads to retroperitoneum, other organs and other parts of body.
Other examinationsWhen the tumor only has hard sclerosis and is without ulceration, and if is being covered by prepuce, circumcision can be given to expose the tumor. Then through local tissue biopsy, caner can be diagnosed. Biopsy is the most important proof in histological diagnosis . Take the biopsy of primary cancer can firmly diagnose the histological type and stage of cancer. The biopsy of inguinal lymph nodes can exactly detect the spread of cancer, which helps doctor to plan out treatment clinically.
Biopsy is a standard diagnostic method of squamous cell carcinoma of penis. Biopsy offers useful information to cancer staging and histological classification. It can confirm the small lesions and encroaching depth. The bigger tumors are, the easier to judge infiltration degree through check-up and imaging examinations. Combing these scattered information together would help to stage cancer correctly, and to judge the possibility of microcosmic metastases without obvious clinical cancer metastatic symptoms (namely, to touch metastatic lymph nodes).
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Penile cancer is a malignant cancer threatening male health. Early detection and treatments are the key to prevent it from spreading. There are three ways for penile cancer to spread.
Local spread, the cancer spreads in circumcrescent way from glans to the root of penis, which can further encroach to fascia penis, corpus cavernosum, even to scrotum, lower abdominal wall and urethra.
Lymph spread. The most common position to develop penile cancer metastases is inguinal lymph nodes.
Blood spread, it often spreads to lungs, liver, and after that are bones and brain.
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