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What is kidney cancer?
Kidney cancer is a highly malignant tumor in the urinary system and one of the most common tumors. It is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial system of renal parenchyma urinary tubules, also known as renal adenocarcinoma, which accounts for 80% to 90% of renal malignant tumors. Statistics in 2020 showed that the number of new patients with renal cancer amounted to 430,000 globally, and Asia amounted to 156,470, which accounted for 36.6% of the world. Kidney cancer is the deadliest cancer of the urinary system, and in 2020, 179,000 people died of kidney cancer worldwide, accounting for 1.8% of global cancer deaths.
So can middle and late-stage kidney cancer be cured? Minimally invasive techniques with little side effects and trauma can help bladder cancer patients avoid surgical resection, avoid suffering from traditional radiotherapy, and effectively prolong the survival period.
For more knowledge about cancer, please click online doctors for consultation.
Different manifestations of kidney cancer are caused by different reasons. Clinically, the symptoms are usually the most direct reflection of kidney cancer, which do great help to the diagnosis and treatments. Concerned about kidney cancer symptoms is critical important to the judgment and treatments of kidney cancer patient's condition.
The chief complaints and clinical manifestations of kidney cancer patients are changeable, so it is easily to be mistaken as other diseases. Since the hidden kidney position, the main perceivable sign of kidney cancer is urine. Hematuria or bloody urine is the most common symptom of kidney cancer, but which usually appear only after the tumor invades to the pelvis. In some words, bloody urine is not an early symptom of breast cancer.
No obvious symptoms: At present, more than 40% of the kidney cancer patients are accidentally found in physical examination or other regular medical tests since there are no obvious signs or symptoms in the early stage. However, the prognosis of majority of early stage kidney cancer patients is very good. Therefore, regular medical check-ups are very important.
Typical local symptoms: Hematuria or bloody urination, pain and lumps are three main symptoms of kidney cancer. Most of the patients may show 1 to 2 symptoms when they are diagnosed, very few people would have all the three symptoms, which may only accounting for about 10%.
Bloody urination: When bloody urination occurs, there is no sense of pain, and the outbreak is intermittent but visible by naked eyes. The intermittence will be shortened with the development of the cancer. A great amount of bleeding may be associated with renal colic.
Pain: Pain, met in 50% of the cases, is also an advanced symptom of kidney cancer. It appears due to the gradually compression of the growing tumor to the renal capsule or renal pelvis. Or persistent waist dull pain caused by the invasion of tumor to the surrounding organs and psoas.
Lump: lumps are also a common symptom of kidney cancer. Enlarged kidneys can be seen in about 1/ 3 to 1 / 4 kidney cancer patients when they see a doctor. Due to the hidden position of kidneys, the lumps are very difficult to find before growing to a certain volume. When the mass is palpable in abdomen, the patients have usually been in the advanced stage.
Systemic manifestations: Commonly, 10% to 40 % of the patients may accompany with paraneoplastic syndrome, which may manifest as high blood pressure, anemia, weight loss, cachexia, fever, polycythemia, abnormal liver function, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, elevated ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), or neuromuscular pathological changes. About 2% to 3 % of the cases could show varicocele of the spermatic vein or abdominal wall varices.
Metastatic symptoms: Approximately 10% of the patients visit the doctor because of a metastatic symptoms and 30% of the newly diagnosed cases show metastatic signs. Metastatic symptoms of kidney cancer can be bone pain, fracture, cough and spitting of blood.
Experts from St. Stamford Modern Cancer Hospital Guangzhou remind you that the clinical manifestations of kidney cancer are changing individually. If you are happening to the above symptoms, consult a professional doctor in a timely manner and do necessary examinations as soon as possible.
For more knowledge about cancer, please click online doctors for consultation.
Kidney cancer is the most common malignant cancer of urinary system. Its incidence among male is twice of that among female. Benign cancers of kidney often has no symptoms, otherwise, they are probably malignant cancers. Symptoms of kidney cancer usually are not particular. Instead, symptoms of non-urinary system, unreasonable fever for example, are often the early signs of kidney cancer. Once it occurs, one should go to hospital for diagnosis timely.
Kidney cancer detection
1. General examination: when the tumor invades pelvis and kidney calices, there will be abnormal amount of red blood cells revealed by urine routine examination. However, even if urine routine examination proves normal, possibility of kidney cancer still cannot be excluded.
2. X-ray examination: it is very important diagnosis method of kidney cancer. Moreover, as the techniques and equipments are being improved constantly, the accuracy of X-ray examination is evidently improved.
a. KUB (kidney, ureter and bladder): KUB will show irregularly enlarged kidney in the lesion, blur psoas major, and 10% of the inner or outer tumor being calcified.
b. Pyelography: Intravenous pyelography and retrograde pyelography are the basic diagnosis methods of kidney cancer.
c. Abdominal aorto-renal arteriography: it is an important method to detect early kidney cancer and determine its nature.
d. Inferior vena cavography: 5%-15% kidney cancer patients have tumor embolus in the vein. Radiography can reveal whether there is tumor embolus in the inferior vena cava and kidney vein, or whether there are cancer compression and infiltration to the inferior vena cava.
3. CT examination: CT examination is mainly used in diagnosing the space-occupying lesion of kidney. It has high accuracy in identifying both cystic and solid masses.
4. MRI examination: it can clearly reveal solid kidney masses and distinguish them with kidney cysts.
5. Ultrasound: it can reveal the coverage of the kidney cancer and check whether there is infiltration to nearby organs, like liver and spleen, or swollen lymph nodes of kidney pedicle and retroperitoneum. It is very helpful in clinical staging of kidney cancer.
6. Radionuclide examination: Radioactive nuclide is of great value in kidney function inspection. Meanwhile, imaging techniques can reveal the condition of the kidney and check whether it is functioning normally. Radionuclide examination is suitable for those who cannot undergo X-ray imaging examination.
Experts from St. Stamford Modern Cancer Hospital Guangzhou remind that patients can choose any of above examination methods according to their own condition. As early stage kidney cancer usually has no obvious symptoms, regular routine examination is helpful in early detection of this disease.
For more knowledge about cancer, please click online doctors for consultation.
Kidney Cancer Stages and Corresponding 5-year Survival Rate
Kidney cancer Stage I: >80%,
Kidney cancer Stage II: 75%,
Kidney cancer Stage III: 60%,
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